Agribisnis: Sistem dan Manajemen

Pengantar ke Wawasan Agribisnis

Capaian Pembelajaran

Setelah mempelajari bab ini, mahasiswa seharusnya dapat:

• Mendefinisikan dan menjelaskan agribisnis sebagai sistem dan manajemen

• Menjelaskan asal muasal agribisnis dan perkembangannya

• Menjelaskan perbedaan antara agribisnis dengan bisnis tradisional

• Mengidentifikasi komponen utama agribisnis di jaman sekarang

• Menjelaskan pentingnya model manajemen agribisnis

• Menjelaskan pertumbuhan peluang di dalam agribisnis

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Definisi Agribisnis

• Agribusiness involves the production, distribution, and consumption of food, clothing, and even shelter.

• It includes all economic activity in the food and fiber system:

  • The input supply industries,
  • Agricultural production,
  • Post-harvest, value-added activities: commodity processing, food manufacturing, and food distribution.

• Most people understand and see its parts, but relatively few see the industry in its entirety.

• In 1957 one ground-breaking book, A Concept of Agribusiness –> The book debuted the term “agribusiness.”

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Agribisnis Sekarang

• Agribusiness firms ranging from large multinational corporations to emerging food manufacturing and input supply firms.
• A strong demand for more and better employees trained in both management and agricultural sciences.

Industri-Industri Inti di dalam Agribisnis (The Core Industries)

• Everyone knows what “business” is –> how about Agribusiness?
• Agribusiness involves:
  1. Inputs—seeds, fertilizer, financing, equipment—that are used in production;
  2. Intermediate activities— grading, storage, processing, packaging, distribution, pricing, marketing; and
  3. Final consumption activities—restaurants, groceries.
• The input supply industries, production agriculture, and value-added activities are considered the agribusiness core industries.
• These core industries use the material and services of certain ancillary industries which are considered agribusiness support industries.
• Farming are part of the core of agribusiness, representing its production process stage.
• Thus, farming are part of agribusiness. But, they are not the end; they are not even the beginning.

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Model Manajemen Agribisnis

• For centuries, agricultural productivity came from the application of two resources: .green[land and labour].

• More recently a substantial proportion of increased productivity in agriculture output has come from the use of another resource: capital

  • Primarily in the form of technological change including biotechnology, improved animal husbandry, and improvements in machinery and chemicals.

• Future improvements will come from the application of a fourth resource: management.

• The industry needs individuals who can harness resources to move a perishable product around the globe –> .green[Agribusiness Management]

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The Chain of Agribusiness—The Value Chain

• The linkages between the agribusiness industry activities: the chain of agribusiness.
• This chain can be further refined as the agribusiness value chain.
• It begins with raw materials and commodities of relatively low value;
• Then each step in the chain modifies the material or commodity and adds value to the product derived from its step.

Contoh Rantai Pasok Buah

• Growers harvest raw fruits or vegetables that are transported in bulk to processors or wholesalers,
• Then they are modified or repackaged and transported to grocery chains in processed form or in smaller batches,
• Finally at local grocers who display and sell the products in quantities more suitable for consumers to purchase.

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Another way of looking at the term agribusiness

• Agribusiness involves all the value chain activities usually associated with a business or industry with the additional provision that most of the materials, commodities, and end products are perishable (ringkih, gampang rusak, cepat busuk).
• The perishable nature of a product, along with variability in such factors as color, texture, size, and shape, is the distinguishing characteristic of agribusiness products and industries from other businesses.

This aspect of the agribusiness industry is also a key factor in all business decisions.

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Agribisnis di sekitar kita

• For this reason the story of Ayam Geprek, or Bebek Goreng or Kios Buah is an agribusiness story.
• Bagaimana dengan Warteg, Warung Padang, Warung Nasi Pecel dan Rawon?
• Its entire business system involved a highly perishable commodity: daging ayam, beras, bumbu-bumbu, minyak goreng, dll.

Diskusi

• Berikan contoh perusahaan, usaha, kegiatan yang bisa dikategorikan sebagai agribisnis disekitar Anda!
• Bagaimana dengan peluang usaha di bidang Agribisnis di sekitar Anda?